365例精神专科医院药品不良反应分析

Retrospective Analysis on 365 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions in a Psychiatric Hospital

目的了解精神卫生专科医院药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及规律。方法对北京回龙观医院2010～2014年收集上报的不良反应报告365例，按患者性别、年龄、药品种类、因果关系评定及程度、合并用药情况、累及系统一器官及临床表现等资料进行统计分析。结果365份不良反应报告中，21～30岁患者最多，有111例（占30．41％）；抗精神病药引起的ADR居首位，有345例（占74．35％），涉及14个品种，以利培酮、奥氮平、氟哌啶醇、喹硫平、阿立哌唑排名前5个品种频率最多（占68．12％）；不良反应累及系统一器官主要为神经系统和消化系统的损害，分别占30．25％和18．86％。结论应重视ADR的监测与上报工作，特别是严重不良反应的监测和报告，以合理用药为目的，加强不良反应分析、评价，及时干预和疏导，尽可能实施个体化用药，减少不良反应发生，确保患者用药安全。

Objective To investigate the characteristics and general pattern of the adverse drug reactions （ADR） occurred in a psychiatric hospital. Methods A total of 365 ADR cases collected in Belling Huilongguan Hospital from 2010 to 2014 were analyzed statistically in terms of patients＇ age,sex,drug category, causality assessment, degree evaluation, drug combination, ADR involved organs or systems and clinical manifestations,ect. Results Among 365 cases of ADR re- ports, most patients were form 21 to 30 years old, accounting for 111 cases （30.41%）. ADR caused by antipsychotics in 14 varieties were in the first place, accounting for 345 cases （74.35%）. Systems or organs involved in ADR cases were most frequently reported as central and peripheral nervous system disorders （30.25%） and gastrointestinal system disorders（18.86%）. Conclusion Attention should be paid to the ADR monitoring and reporting work, especially serious adverse reaction reporting and monitoring for the rational use of drugs,strengthen the ADR analysis, evaluation, timely intervention and persuation. It is better for patients to use drugs according to themselves so as to reduce the ADR and ensure safe drug use.