中国沿海集装箱港口集中度研究

Concentration of coastal container ports in China

利用行业集中度对我国沿海集装箱港口行业的市场结构演化过程进行分析.分析发现,近30年来,我国集装箱港口行业的市场结构由最初的寡占Ⅰ型发展到如今的寡占Ⅲ型,并且集中度有进一步下降的趋势,市场结构向寡占Ⅳ型发展.对比美国集装箱港口集中度发现,近10年来,我国集装箱港口集中度略高于美国,两国同属于寡占Ⅲ型的市场结构.但我国集装箱吞吐量是美国的3.59倍,我国前4位港口的平均集装箱吞吐量是美国的4倍,港口运输压力明显大于美国.过大的运输压力会给港口及其所在城市带来相应的负面影响.因此,在边缘挑战机制的作用下,我国沿海集装箱港口集中度有进一步下降的空间.

To promote healthy development of coastal container ports in China, concentration was applied to analyze the evolution of market structure of container port industry. The outcomes show that the market structure of container port industry in China developed from oligopolistic Ⅰ type to oligopolistic Ⅲ type in these 30 years. At the same time, the concentration presents a decline trend, which indicates that the market structure will develop to oligopolistic Ⅳ type. Comparing with the United States of container port concentration, it is found that the concentration of container port in China is slightly higher than that in the United States in recent 10 years. The market structure in China and the United States are both oligopolistic Ⅲ type. However, the container throughput in China is 3.59 times of that in the United States, and the average throughput of top 4 ports in China is 4 times of that in the United States. The transport pressure of container ports in China is significantly greater than that in the United States. Too much transportation pressure will bring corresponding negative impact for port and port city. Therefore, the container port concentration in China will further decline under the effect of peripheral-port challenge.