有氧游泳运动对衰老过程大鼠海马IL-6、IL-10及小胶质细胞的影响

Effects of Aerobic Swimming on the IL-6,IL-10 and Microglia Cells in Hippocampus of Aging Rats

目的:探讨有氧运动对衰老过程大鼠海马小胶质细胞、IL-6、IL-10及学习记忆能力的影响。方法:按照处理条件不同将30只SD大鼠分为生理盐水安静组(SS)、D-半乳糖安静组(DS)和D-半乳糖运动组(DE),每组10只。大鼠腹腔注射D-半乳糖150 mg/kg/d,建立衰老模型;DE组每天游泳60 min,5 d/w,持续运动12周。采用免疫荧光染色和Western blot检测大鼠海马内小胶质细胞、IL-6及IL-10的表达;Morris水迷宫观察各组大鼠空间记忆能力变化。结果:(1)Morris水迷宫结果显示,进行有氧游泳训练后,DE组逃避潜伏期和到达平台游过距离较DS组显著缩短(P<0.05),且DE组目标象限停留时间较DS组显著延长8.7s(P<0.05),而与SS组相比无显著差异。(2)免疫荧光染色结果显示,DS组活化状态的小胶质细胞较SS组显著增加(P<0.05),DE组活化状态的小胶质细胞较DS组显著下降20%(P<0.05);(3)DS组海马脑区IL-6阳性细胞数显著高于SS组和DE组(P<0.05);(4)DE组IL-10阳性细胞数较DS组显著增加11%(P<0.05);Western blot实验结果也表明DE组IL-10的表达水平较DS组显著增加0.6倍(P<0.01)。结论:(1)注射D-半乳糖可引起大鼠海马内小胶质细胞活化并释放炎性因子,诱导大鼠出现学习记忆能力下降的衰老表型;(2)有氧运动能够抑制小胶质细胞活化,减轻衰老过程大鼠脑内炎症反应,改善其学习记忆能力。

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the microglia cells,IL-6 and IL-10 in the hippocampus of aging rats. Method 30 SD rats were divided into saline sedentary group（SS）,D-galactose sedentary group（DS） and D-galactose plus exercise group（DE）. Rats in groups DS and DE were intraperitoneally injected 150mg/kg of D-galactose once a day,in group SS injected with saline. Rats in group DE underwent swimming 60 min/day,5 days/week for 12 weeks. Thereafter,the expressions of microglia cells,IL-6,and IL-10 in the hippocampus of all rats were inspected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot,and Morris water maze was used to observe the changes in the spatial learning memory ability of the rats.Results（1）The distance to platform and escape latency of group DE decreased significantly as compared with that of group DS（P〈0.05）,and group DE spent longer residence time in the target quadrant（8.7seconds） than the group DS（P〈0.05）.（2）The activated microglia cells in groups DS and DE increased significantly as compared with the group SS（P〈0.05）,while in group DE decreased by 20% comparing to the group DS（P〈0.05）.（3）The number of IL-6 positive cell in group DS was significantly higher than the other two groups（P〈0.05）.（4）The number of IL-6 positive cell in group DE increased by 11% as compared with group DS（P〈0.05）. The IL-10 level in group DE was 0.6 times higher than that in group DS（P〈0.01）. Conclusions（1）Injection of D-galactose could cause activation of microglia cells in hippocampus of rats and releases of inflammatory factors,inducing aging process and reducing learning and memory capability of rats.（2）Aerobic exercise could inhibit the aging process of rats induced by injection of D-galactose.