服务化能否为制造企业带来竞争优势——本土化企业与国际化企业的比较研究

Can Servitization Create Competitive Advantage for Manufacturing Companies——A Comparative Study of Local Companies and International Companies

分析了制造企业服务化影响竞争优势的内在机理和国际化企业内外部环境特征的调节作用,并以2011~2013年中国制造业上市公司为样本,从外部市场绩效与内部经营绩效两个层面,分别检验制造企业服务化对其行业相对绩效的影响以及本土化企业与国际化企业服务化效果的差异。研究结果表明：制造企业进入服务领域,尤其是非标准契约型服务领域,会对企业外部市场绩效产生显著的积极影响,但是对企业内部经营绩效的影响相对较弱;相对于国际化企业,本土化制造企业进入服务领域产生了更突出的外部市场绩效;相对于本土化企业,国际化制造企业进入服务领域,尤其是非标准契约型服务领域,带来了更加突出的内部经营绩效。

This paper analyzes the internal mechanism of how servitization of manufacturing affect competitive advantage and figures out that internal and external environment characteristics will moderate the relationship. Meanwhile, based on the sample of Chinese listed manufacturing companies during 2011-2013, we test the servitization of manufacturing＇s influence on industry relative performance, re- spectively, from the two aspects of external market performance and internal operating performance. Simultaneously, the differences in effect between local and international companies are also examined. The results demonstrate that manufacturing enterprises enter service field, particularly the field of non-standard contractual service, which will have a significant positive impact on external market performance. However, its effect on internal operating performance is relatively weak. With respect to the international firms, local manufacturing companies＇ entering service field has a more prominent external market performance. While with respect to the local firms, international companies＇ entering service field, especially the field of non-standard contractual service, will bring more outstanding internal operating performance. Our conclusions can not only provide theoretical basis and empirical evidence to boost the servitization of Chinese manufacturing firms, but also guide enterprises to choose the occasion and direction of servitization scientifically according to different internal and external environment characteristics.