人力资本投资、就业能力与农民收入增长

Human Capital Investment,Employability and Farmers' Income Growth

当前我国农民自身增收能力较弱,收入增长缺乏稳定性,根本原因在于低水平人力资本投资约束下的低水平就业能力限制了其收入增长的空间。根据在重庆市的调研资料分析表明:农民收入的增长来源于农民就业能力的增强,尤其是就业岗位胜任能力的提高;农民的就业能力受制于其人力资本投资水平,特别是教育投资水平;农民收入水平的高低又影响到其人力资本投资水平;就业能力对人力资本投资影响农民非农收入具有完全中介作用,对人力资本投资影响农民农业收入具有部分中介作用,"教育—就业岗位胜任能力—收入"是人力资本投资影响农民收入路径中的核心传导机制。通过提高人力资本投资水平提升农民就业能力,是农民稳定增收的根本途径。

At present, the capability to increase income by farmers themselves in China is weak and the income increase is unstable. The root reason for it is that low level of employability restricted by low level of human capital investment limits income increase. According to the investigation data, the analysis shows that farmers＇ income increase comes from the enhancement of employability, especially the promotion of position competence which is restricted by human capital investment, especially education level. Farmers＇ income level influences the human capital investment level. Employability has fully mediating effect on human capital investment influencing non- farming income for farmers, and has partly mediating effect on human capital investment influencing farming income. ＂Education-position competence-income＂ is the core transmission mechanism in human capital investment influencing farmers＇ income. Therefore, the essential way to stabilize farmers＇ income is to enhance farmers＇ employability by promoting human capital investment level.