古文字讹变问题研究回顾与再探

Review and Reanalysis of the Erroneous Transformationof Ancient Chinese Characters

汉字形体讹变现象在甲骨文即已出现,在整个古文字阶段普遍存在并伴随着汉字发展的各个阶段。唐兰先生在20世纪30年代比较系统地分析了古文字的讹变现象,但此后一段时期内几乎无人在汉字结构演变过程的视野下讨论讹变,直至近40年这一问题才受到重视,李孝定、张桂光等十多位学者对其概念、类型、原因、结果等有比较热烈的讨论。在回顾以往研究的基础上,分析了古文字讹变现象,发现几乎所有的古文字都出现过或多或少、或轻或重的讹变字形,讹变和简化、繁化处于三足鼎立的状态。其类型有意符讹变、声符讹变和整字讹变三种。形成讹变的原因有六:因结构相近、因误解记号、因误解字形、因以字形附会字义、因字形断裂、因字形粘连。讹变有消极和积极两方面的影响,而以消极影响为主。

The Phenomenon of erroneous transformation of Chinese characters emerged in oracle bone inscriptions and prevailed in the entire stage of ancient Chinese characters with the development of characters at all stages. Mr. Donelan in the 1930s systematically analyzed the phenomenon of erroneous transformation of ancient Chinese characters, but almost nobody put forward a further discussionin the structure of Chinese characters from the perspective of the evolution of erroneous transformation. Until the recent 40 years, this issue has been attached importance to. More than ten scholars like li Xiaoding, Zhang Guiguang have a heated discussion on the concepts, types, reasons and results. Based on the review of previous research, this paper analyzesthe erroneous transformationof ancient Chinese characters, and finds that almost all ancient Chinese characters are involved in the erroneous transformation more or less, lightly or heavily, false changes and simplification, and propagation in a split State. The three types of erroneous transformation are about meaning, phoneme and character. There are six reasons for the erroneous transformation ： its similar structure, misunderstanding of the marks, misunderstanding of the glyph, , glyph attached meaning, the glyphs and glyph adhesion. The erroneous transformation itself indeed has both advantages and disadvantages , however, the negative effects matter more.