基于语法化视角的现代汉语“到”的功能角色分析

On the Functional Role of “Dao” in Terms of the Grammaticalization

"到"在现代汉语共时层面是一个多功能语法形式,常被当作动词、介词、助词、构词语素等来分析使用,但存在争议。"到"由独立运用的动词到连动前项、连动后项,逐步从主要动词到次要动词,进而向着功能词的方向发展,至今没有完全虚化为典型功能词,只在少数句法环境中兼有这些词的某些特性。"到"的语法化经历了三条路径:独立动词→连动前项→介词,独立动词→连动后项→趋向补语→结果补语→程度补语→补语标记(结构助词),独立动词→连动后项→趋向补语→结果补语→构词语素。

“Dao”（到） is a multifunctional morpheme,which is usually considered as verb,preposition,particle or morpheme,but all the functions “Dao” carries are controversial. Although “Dao” began to be grammaticalized from the post position of two verb phrases in the Eastern Han Dynasty,and then it devel-oped to function word,such as conjunction,preposition,particle,etc. It is still not totally grammaticalized,and cannot be considered as a typical function word. Whereas,only under rare syntax contexts can “Dao”carry the distinctions of function words. On the basis of review on the different functions “Dao” carries,this paper reconstructs the grammaticalization paths and semantic map model of “Dao”.