重症监护病房2013年医院感染目标性监测分析

Targeted surveillance of nosocomial infections in intensive care units in 2013

目的通过对综合重症监护病房(ICU)开展目标性监测,了解综合ICU医院感染的状况,为控制综合ICU医院感染提供建议。方法采取目标性监测的方法,对2013年1—12月入住综合ICU的374例患者进行调查分析。结果 2013年入住ICU患者共374例,发生医院感染62例82例次,累计住院日数为2 724 d,医院感染发病率为16.6%,日感染发病率为22.8‰。感染部位主要是肺部感染,占75.6%,其次是血流感染、尿道插管相关泌尿道感染、皮肤软组织感染。呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)、血管导管相关血流感染(CLABSI)、导管相关尿路感染(CAUTI)日感染率分别为33.3‰、2.8‰、2.3‰。检出的病原菌中,革兰阴性杆菌占93.2%,革兰阳性球菌占5.4%,真菌占1.4%。检出数量前3位的细菌是:铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。结论综合ICU医院感染发病率为16.6%,以肺部感染为主,器械相关感染占62.2%,控制器械相关感染是控制ICU医院感染的工作重点。ICU医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,提示临床治疗时宜选择覆盖革兰阴性杆菌的抗菌药物。

Objective To conduct targeted surveillance of nosocomial infections in intensive care units（ICU）to provide reference for comprehensive infection control . Methods All the 374 patients treated in ICU in 2013 were investigated by targeted surveillance methods .Results A total of 82 episodes of nosocomial infections were identified in 62 （16 .6% ）of the 374 patients . The cumulative hospital stay was 2 724 days .The infection incidence per patient‐day was 22 .8‰ .The infection in ICU was primarily pneumonia （75 .6% ,including 39 ventilator‐associated pneumonia） ,bloodstream infections （including 6 central line‐associated bloodstream infections ） and catheter‐associated urinary tract infections . The incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia ,central line‐associated bloodstream infection and catheter‐associated urinary tract infection was 33 .3‰ ,2 .8‰ , 2 .3‰ patient‐day ,respectively .Overall ,74 strains of pathogens were isolated ,of which 93 .2% ,5 .4% and 1 .4% were gram‐negative bacilli ,gram‐positive cocci and fungi ,respectively .The top three gram‐negative bacilli were Pseudomonas aeruginosa（25 .7% ）,Klebsiellapneumoniae（14 .9% ）,and Acinetobacterbaumannii（10 .8% ）.Conclusions Theincidenceof nosocomial infection was 16 .6 % in ICU patients ,of which device‐related infection accounted for 62 .2 % .Control of equipment‐related infections is critical for curbing the nosocomial infections in ICU . The antimicrobial regimens for ICU patients should cover gram‐negative bacilli .