耐万古霉素肠球菌血流感染的危险因素分析

Risk factors of bloodstream infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

目的了解分析四川大学华西医院耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)血流感染菌株、科室分布及感染的危险因素,为防治VRE引起的血流感染提供参考。方法采用病例对照研究方法,选择2010年8月—2014年8月该院住院的31例VRE引起的血流感染患者作为研究组(VRE组),另选择同期同区域54例万古霉素敏感肠球菌(VSE)引起的血流感染作为对照组(VSE组)。采用SPSS 19.0分析软件进行单因素(t检验,χ2检验)及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 31例VRE血流感染患者,其中由万古霉素耐药粪肠球菌(VREfa)引起的5例(16.1%),万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌(VREfm)引起的26例(83.9%);4年中VREfa和VREfm血流感染占粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌血流感染的比率分别为1.5%、1.6%、1.8%、1.2%和3.8%、4.4%,5.8%、7.1%;科室分布以重症监护病房(ICU)和神经外科为主,分别占41.9%和12.9%;VRE对氨苄西林、红霉素的耐药率超过90%,对奎奴普丁-达福普汀和利奈唑胺的耐药率低于20%。单因素分析发现:住院时间、入住ICU、静脉置管、碳青霉烯类暴露、万古霉素/去甲万古霉素暴露与VRE血流感染相关。Logistic回归分析发现静脉置管是VRE血流感染的独立危险因素。结论静脉置管是引起VRE血流感染的独立危险因素,临床应加强感控措施,防止VRE血流感染的暴发。

Objective To analyze the bloodstream infections caused by vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus （VRE）in West China Hospital and examine the risk factors of such infections for best control of VRE infections .Methods Case‐control method was used to compare the bloodstream infections due to VRE with those caused by vancomycin‐susceptible Enterococcus（VSE）from August 2010 to August 2014 in West China Hospital .The data were compared by T‐test ,Chi‐square test （univariate analysis） and logistic regression analysis （multivariate analysis） using SPSS 19 .0 software .Results A total of 31 VRE strains were isolated from bloodstream infections in the study period ,including 5 （16 .1 % ） strains of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis and 26 （83 .9 % ）strains of vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium .In the past four years ,the prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant E . f aecalis in bloodstream infections was 1 .5% ,1 .6% ,1 .8% ,and 1 .2% ;while the prevalence of vancomycin‐resistant E . f aecium in bloodstream infections was 3 .8% ,4 .4% ,5 .8% ,and 7 .1% .Such VRE bloodstream infection was mainly found in Intensive Care Unit （ICU）（13 ,41 .9% ）and Department of Neurosurgery （4 ,12 .9% ） .More than 90% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and erythromycin .But less than 20% of the strains were resistant to quinupristin‐dalfopristin and linezolid . Univariate analysis indicated that prolonged hospital stay , ICU admission , venous catheter ,prior carbapenem exposure , prior vancomycin/norvancomycin exposure were associated with VRE bloodstream infections .Logistic regression analysis confirmed that venous catheter was an independent risk factor of VRE bloodstream infections .Conclusions Venous catheter is an independent risk factor for VRE bloodstream infections . Infection control measures should be strengthened to prevent the outbreak of VRE‐related bloodstream infections .