沼渣微生物菌剂对土壤微生物数量、酶活及谷子生长的影响

Effect of Biogas Residue Biological Agents on Soil Microbial Quantity, Soil Enzyme Activity and the Growth of Millet

采用小区试验,研究沼渣微生物菌剂和龙疆微生物菌剂对土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌数量及土壤酶活性的影响,测定菌剂施用后谷子株高和产量性状。结果表明,2种菌剂的施用均可提高谷子抽穗期根际土壤中细菌和放线菌的数量,降低真菌的数量,增强谷子抽穗期根际土壤中脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性,促进谷子拔节期、抽穗期、成熟期株高,提高谷子的穗长、穗粒重和产量。与龙疆菌剂相比,沼渣菌剂对谷子抽穗期根际土壤中细菌和真菌数量,对抽穗期根际土壤中蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶的活性,对谷子的穗长、穗粒重和千粒重的影响均无差异。但当施用量达112.5 kg/hm2时,沼渣菌剂处理的谷子产量显著低于龙疆菌剂处理的谷子产量。可见,在微生物菌剂常规施用范围内,沼渣菌剂可代替龙疆菌剂中的载体用于微生物菌剂的生产,沼渣微生物菌剂可显著促进谷子产量的提高。

Plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of biogas residue biological agents（BA） and Longjiang biological agents（LA） on the quantity of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil. Soil enzyme activity, plant height and yield of millet were measured under different biological agents. Results showed that the addition of BA and Longjiang biological agents（LA） could increase the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, decrease the number of fungi, improve activity of rhizosphere soil enzyme（urease, protease, invertase, phosphatase and catalase） in the millet heading stage,increase the millet height at the stage of jointing, heading and maturity, and improve the millet spike length, grain weight and yield. Compared with LA, BA had no significant difference on the number of bacteria and fungi, the activity of urease,protease, invertase, phosphatase, the millet spike length and grain weight. But when application of biological agents reached to more than 112.5 kg/hm2, the millet yield treated by BA was lower than that treated by LA. The correlation analysis showed that BA can significantly promote the yield of millet in conventional application of microbial agents range, and biogas residue can be used as LA carriers for the production of microbial agents.