大庆水库冰表面温度特征及其在冰工程实践应用方法探讨

Discussions on the features of ice surface temperature in Daqing Reservoir and the methods of their practical utilizations in different ice engineering

根据冰面热平衡方程并以大庆红旗泡水库冰面观测的气温、太阳辐射、风速、相对湿度、冰厚数据以及水库附近安达气象站记录的云量、湿度和海平面气压数据,求解了2009/2010年度冬季的冰表面温度,并分析了冰表面温度特征及其同太阳辐射之间的关系、同气温、风速之间的响应关系。在此基础上,就传统考虑的抗冰工程设计所需的设计冰表面温度进行了评估;就日益增加的安全用冰工程设计所需冰表面温度取值也给予定量讨论;对气候变化下的冰内和冰下水体生态适应问题所需的冰面温度日内变化速率和开河期冰凌爆破所需冰表面温度的取值也进行探索。尽管受国际气象资料观测规定的限制,历史资料的应用存在利用接近观测时刻资料的事实,但仍然期望这些分析和讨论能够推动科学地、更广阔地应用冰表面温度。

The ice surface temperature in the winter of 2009/2010 was solved by using ice surface heat bal- ance equation, measured data of air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity and ice thick- ness at Daqing reservoir, and recorded cloud cover, humidity and sea-level pressure at Anda Weather Sta- tion. The relationships between ice surface temperature and solar radiation, and air temperature, wind speed were analyzed. Based on these relationships, the ice surface temperature needed for traditional ice-resistance engineering was evaluated; the ice surface temperature used on safe ice-utilization engineering was quantita- tively discussed; daily variation of ice surface temperature in ecological adaptation in ice and under ice-cov- ering water in the climate changes, and the range of ice surface temperature used on ice blasting during ice flood periods were studied. In spit of the fact using the history data near the four observation times in practices because of international rules on weather observations, these analyzed relations are expected to pro- mote scientific and more practical utilizations on ice surface temperature in ice concerned engineering.