城乡妇女妊娠晚期与产后骨密度变化及相关因素分析

Bone mineral density and related factors of urban and rural women in late pregnancy and postpartum

目的研究城市和乡村妊娠晚期与产后妇女骨密度变化,分析结果及相关影响因素。方法随机选取妊娠期的妇女1162例,分为城市组(A组)和乡村组(B组),采用美国GE公司Lunar Achilles超声骨密度测量仪分别于妊娠晚期与产后60天监测其左足跟骨的骨密度(BMD),比较两组间骨密度及年龄、体重指数(BMI)、新生儿体重、分娩方式等对BMD的影响。结果产前、产后A组骨量减少及骨质疏松发生率均比B组高,结果有显著性差异。体重指数(BMI)与骨密度呈正相关,年龄、孕产次及新生儿体重与骨密度呈负相关,结果有显著性差异。结论孕晚期及产后妇女骨质疏松及骨量减少的发生率较高,且城市孕产妇的发生率比乡村发生率高。高龄、高出生体重儿、钙摄入不足、低BMI、孕产次增多等均是孕晚期及产后骨量丢失的风险因素,补钙、充足的日照、适量的运动及合理膳食均有利于降低骨量丢失的发生。

Objective：To observe the bone mineral density of urban and rural women in late pregnancy and postpartum. Analysis the results and related factors. Methods：Randomly selected 1162 cases of pregnancy women,Divided 2 groups,urban group（A）（and rural group（B）,Absorptiometry was used to test bone mineral density,Comparison of it between the two groups,Analysis the impaction of age,body mass index（BMI）,birth weight,and delivery way. Results：The incidence rate of osteoporosis in group A is higher than that of group B. The difference between the two groups were significant（P〈0.01）. Body mass index（BMI）was positively correlated with BMD,but the Age,times of pregnancy and delivery and birth weight were negatively correlated with BMD. The difference between the two groups were significant.（P〈0.01）. Conclusion：The higher incidence of Osteoporosis and osteopenia in late pregnancy and postpartum,the incidence rate of osteoporosis in group A is higher than that of group B. Measures must be taken to prevent osteoporosis in the period.