美国对英战略与霸权转移

An Analysis of U.S.Strategy toward Britain and the Power Transition

19世纪末,美国为了构建美洲安全体系不惜与英国走到"战争的边缘",获得了英国对"门罗主义"的承认,从而崛起为美洲区域大国。第一次世界大战结束后,美国利用重建欧洲秩序的契机,通过威尔逊的"十四点"计划,与英国达成了政治共治;利用"道威斯计划",与英国达成了经济共治;借助"华盛顿体系",与英国达成了军事上的共治。随着第二次世界大战的蔓延,美国最终与英国在战略目标上达成一致,通过建立美国主导的"北大西洋联盟"及战后集体安全体系,美国从英国手中从容地接过霸主的"权杖",完成了英美霸权的转移。

In the late 19 th century,the United States,in order to build its own security system in the Americas,did not hesitate to bring itself to the brink of war with Britain.In the course of tense struggle,the Monroe Doctrine was finally accepted by Britain,thus making the United States succeed in becoming a regional power.The end of World War I gave the United States a precious opportunity to reconstruct the European system.Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points enabled the United States to share political governance with Britain;the Dawes Plan made it gain shared global governance in economy with Britain;the Washington System helped it to achieve military parity with Britain.With the spread of the World War Ⅱ,the United States finally reached with Britain consensus in terms of global strategic goal.Through the establishment of NATO and postwar collective security system,both led by the U.S.,the United States calmly took over the hegemonic power and completed the power transition from Britain.