“行政行为”的识别与判断探究——以2014年新修订的《行政诉讼法》为视角

The Probe to Distinguish and Define the Administrative Action——At the Angle of Revised Version of the Administrative Litigation Law in 2014

为落实新《行政诉讼法》中的登记立案制度,可尝试将"行政行为"区分为形式行政行为和实质行政行为,分别对应立案起诉阶段和实质审理阶段并采用不同的识别与判断标准。经由体系解释可发现"具体性"和"外部法律效果"是实质行政行为识别与判断中的两个关键要素,并确立具体的判断标准。基于此,行政诉讼法中的"行政行为"已非狭义行政法意义上的行为类型概念,而可以包括行政法律行为、真正的行政事实行为和不真正的行政事实行为等行为类型。

To put suit -registration system into practice,it is feasible to identify the differences between the seemed administrative be- havior （in accepting case stage） and the substantive one （in the trial stage）. By systematic explanation,we can find that the identifica- tion and judge of the substantive administrative behavior should be extended with two critical elements Concreteness and the apparent legal effects as the core. If, analyzed at the basis of the above two elements ,the concept of the administrative act in the newly -revised Administrative Litigation Law is different from the concept of behavior types in the sense of narrower administrative law,and it can be grouped into three sub behavior types： administrative Juristic act, the real administrative factual act and unreal administrative factual act.