城市公用事业民营化中公共利益的维护与政府监管体系重构

The Maintenance of Public Interests and Reconstruction of Governmental Supervision System in the Privatization of Urban Public Utilities

城市公用事业民营化由于涉及利益关系复杂、操作难度大,一直受到理论界与实务界的广泛关注。从总体上看,"公用事业如何民营化"是理论研究的焦点,也是改革能否推进的关键。从世界各国公用事业民营化改革历程来看,不论是基于市场失灵考量的政府垄断经营,还是基于政府失灵考量的政府与市场联合经营,亦或强调市场发挥主导作用的同时对政府监管能力的重视,如何实现"公共利益"的维护才是公用事业民营化改革的难点所在。本文认为,要在创新的监管理念指导下,重塑政府与市场的关系;要在科学发展观和以人为本的指导思想下,推进服务型政府和法治政府的建设;要在坚持"市场在资源配置中起决定性作用"的同时,以提升政府监管质量、增进公共利益为城市公用事业民营化的新目标,重构政府监管体系,推进城市公用事业民营化改革的进一步深化。

Due to the complex interest and difficult operation, the privatization of urban public utilities attracts widespread attention of theoretical and practical circles.The “privatization of public utilities” is the focus of theoretical research,but the key is to boost the reform.According to the privatization of public utilities around the world,whether it is the government monopoly based on the consideration of market failure, or the government and market joint ventures considering the government failure,or the emphasis of the government＇s regulatory capacity as well as the leading role of the market,the key to reforming the public utilities privatization is how to realize the maintenance of “public interest”.This paper argues that China should guide supervision practices with innovative regulatory philosophy,build a new relationship between the government and the market,and accelerate the constructing process of service-oriented government and law-based government under the guidance of scientific development view and people-oriented thought, so as to realize the transformation of governmental function from “paddle” to “steer”, from “all” to “limited”.While adhering to the principle of “market playing a decisive role in allocating resources”, China should pursue the improvement of the government supervision quality and the promotion of public interest, reconstruct the government supervision system, and promote the further reform of the privatization of urban public utilities.