不同密度和施氮量对稻米品质特性的影响

Effects of Different Planting Density and Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Quality Characteristics

以河南省新培育的优质粳稻新稻22为材料,设置0、240、262.5、285、307.5、330 kg/hm2纯氮6个施氮水平,22.2万、27.75万、33.3万穴/hm23种栽插密度,研究了施氮水平和栽插密度对水稻垩白和食味品质特性的影响。结果表明,随着栽插密度的增加,稻米垩白度和垩白粒率先减小后增大,即27.75万穴/hm2种植密度下,稻米外观品质较好;其食味品质在低密度和中密度下较好,高密度下明显下降,直链淀粉和蛋白质含量不同栽插密度间差异较小。随着氮肥施用量的增加,水稻垩白粒率和垩白度呈增加趋势(低密度下不施氮处理除外);食味值、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量各施肥处理间差异达显著或极显著水平。综合密度和氮肥二因素可知,栽插密度27.75万穴/hm2(行株距30 cm×12 cm)、施氮量为262.5 kg/hm2时水稻外观和食味品质最好。

With the new high quality japonica rice Xindao 22 in Henanprovince as test material,a field experiment with 0,240,262.5,285,307.5,330 kg/ha nitrogen（ N） fertilizer and three planting densities of 22.2 ×104 ,27.75 ×104 ,33.3 ×104 points/ha was carried out to study the effects of amount of N ferti-lizer and planting density on rice chalkiness and eating quality characteristics.The results showed that rice ratio of chalkiness and chalky grain first decreased and then increased with the increase of planting densi-ty.Grain appearance quality was better at the density of 27.75 ×104 points/ha.Their eating quality was higher in low and medium planting density,and was lower in high density.Amylose and protein contents showed smaller difference in different planting densities.With the increasing of amount of N fertilizer,rice ratio of chalkiness and chalky grain increased,except the low density treatments without N fertilizer.The differences of taste value,amylose and protein contents among all N fertilizer treatments were significant or highly significant.Comprehensive consideration of planting density and amount of N fertilizer showed that rice appearance and taste quality was better at the density of 27.75 ×104 points/ha（30 cm ×12 cm） with N fertilizer of 262.5 kg/ha.