基于压电的车载传感器自供电技术研究

Vehicle Sensor Self-powered Technology Research Based on Piezoelectric

由于电动汽车的广泛推广及其智能化发展的需求,车载传感器数量激增,传统供能方式诸如污染、维护困难等缺陷日渐凸显。考虑到车载环境中振动无处不在,利用压电技术对振动能量进行收集,设计压电式振动能量收集系统以用来解决微功耗传感器供能问题。文中对系统的结构以及数学模型进行了理论分析,给出了系统振动频率的数学模型以及压电输出的数学模型,在仿真分析的基础之上设计了一套压电能量收集装置,并对其共振情况下的发电性能进行了实验测试。实验结果表明提出的理论模型可以很好的预测系统的输出特性,在共振频率为11.6 Hz,加速度为0.5 g时,系统获得的最大开路电压是4.45 V,在最优负载电阻为400 kΩ时,振动能量收集装置的最大的负载功率为15.02μW。结合超级电容的储能功能,可以满足功率更大间歇式工作方式的车载传感器的能量供给。

As a result of the electric vehicles popularity and the development of vehicles intelligent ,the number of vehicle sen-sors surges.Meanwhile,many defects of traditional energy supply were increasingly prominent,such as pollution and maintenance difficulties.Taking into account the vehicle vibration exists everywhere,the piezoelectric technology was used to collect vibration en-ergy,and piezoelectric vibration energy collection system was used to solve the energy problem of micro-power sensor.In this paper, the system structure and the theoretical model were analyzed,and the mathematical model of the system vibration frequency and the piezoelectric output were put forward.The piezoelectric energy collection device was designed on the basis of simulation analysis. The performance of its power generation in the case of resonance was tested.The results show that the theoretical model proposed in this paper can be a good predictor of the output characteristics of the system.As the resonance frequency is 11.6 Hz and accelera-tion is 0.5g ,the maximum open circuit voltage of the system is 4.45 V.When the optimum load resistance is 400 kΩ,the maximum load power of vibration energy collection device is 15.02μW.Greater energy can be caught to meet the vehicle sensor power supply needs with the use of super capacitor.