典型核电国家温室气体排放现状

Greenhouse gas emission in typical nuclear power countries

通过分析全球能源消费数据和核电数据,得到了核电发展最快、核电反应堆关闭最快、核电装机量最大和核电占比最大等特征的典型核电国家。对这些国家的能源结构、电力组成、CO2排放和核电减排作用进行了深入研究。通过研究得到:电力是各国CO2排放的主要源头,但单位发电量的CO2放电量均呈逐年下降趋势,这和各国能源结构调整存在密切关系;美国是人均CO2排放第一大国,但韩国人均CO2排放量增速最快;基于煤电CO2排放因子,2011年全球核电CO2年减排量约占全球年总排放量8.3%,而中国核电CO2年减排量占国内总排放量的1.1%。

Through the analysis of world energy consumption and nuclear power statistic,the typical countries with nuclear power were recognized by rapid developing,fast shut down ability,large capacity and high ratio of nuclear power on total energy consumption. In additional,energy and electricity distribution,CO2 emission and reduction by nuclear power in these countries were deeply investigated. This study shows that power plant is the main source for CO2 emission in these countries, while CO2emission per kWh gradually decreased year by year,which is closely related to the adjustment of energy construction. At present,the country with the largest emissions per capita is USA,in addition,the country with the fast increase on this value is South Korea in recent years. Based on the CO2 emission factor of coal power plant,CO2 emission reductions of nuclear power accounted for 8.3% of total global CO2 emissions in 2011,while CO2 emissions reduction by nuclear power accounted for 1.1% of the total annual emissions in China.