软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料无卤阻燃技术研究进展

Research progress of halogen-free flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams

软质聚氨酯泡沫(FPUF)是聚氨酯材料的主要产品之一,由于其较低的密度和热传导率而易燃,在燃烧过程中会放出大量烟雾和有毒气体,对FPUF进行阻燃处理尤为重要。卤系阻燃剂由于存在潜在的毒性和环境问题而受到限制,因此FPUF的无卤阻燃技术是今后主要的研究方向。本文综述了近年有关软质聚氨酯泡沫无卤阻燃技术的研究进展,包括添加型无卤阻燃剂法、反应型无卤阻燃剂法、层层组装涂层法。指出开发高相对分子质量、含多种阻燃元素的有机添加型阻燃剂和膨胀型阻燃剂以及复配型阻燃剂,解决层层组装涂层法的组装慢等问题将是FPUF无卤阻燃技术的发展趋势。

Flexible polyurethane foams （FPUFs） are one of the main products of polyurethane materials. Because of low density and low thermal conductivity,untreated FPUFs are relatively easy to ignite with evolution of smoke and toxic gases during combustion. Therefore,it is essential to endow FPUF with good flame retardancy. However,the use of halogen-based flame retardants is currently restricted because of potential toxicity and environmental problems. Hence,more attention has been paid recently to developing halogen-free flame retardant FPUF. The research progress of halogen-free flame retardant,including additive halogen-free flame retardants,reactive halogen-free flame retardants and layer-by-layer assembled flame resistant coatings used in FPUF in recent years was summarized. Developing high molecular weight multi-element organic additive flame retardant and intumescent flame retardant as well as composite flame retardant,and resolving slow assembly problem for layer-by-layer assembled flame resistant coatings should be the development trend of the halogen-free flame-retardant techniques for FPUF.