1987-2013年广东省农业化肥和农药施用量特征分析

Characteristics of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Application Amount in Guangdong from 1987 to 2013

化肥和农药的使用对农业生产具有极大的促进作用,但也伴随着环境污染问题。本研究对广东省1987-2013年的化肥施用总量,氮肥、钾肥、磷肥、复合肥、农药的施用量和单位面积施用量、化肥施用强度等进行分析。研究发现:自1987年开始,广东省农业化肥施用总量、氮肥、钾肥、磷肥、复合肥、农药施用量逐年递增,但增幅各不相同;钾肥和复合肥增长较多;化肥施用强度不断增加,2012年比1987年增长了2.87倍,远远超过了国际上公认的化肥施用安全上限(225 kg/hm2)。广东农业化肥和农药施用量在改革开放初期、城镇化发展初期、种植结构调整期和政策调整期,均表现出不同的特征。

The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has a great effect on agricultural production, but it is followed by a large number of agricultural non-point source pollution. This paper studied the total fertilizer application, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer, pesticide application rate, per unit area amount, fertilizer use intensity of analysis from 1997 to 2012 of Guangdong Province, and found that the Guangdong agricultural fertilizer applica- tion amount, nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer, pesticide application amount is increasing year by year since 1987, but the amount of increase was not the same, the potash and compound fertilizer grew more. The intensity of chemical fertilizer application increased by 2.87 times in 2012 than in 1987, far exceeding the safety limit of the internationally recognized fertilizer application （225 kg/hm2）. The agricultural fertilizers and pesticides showed different characteristics in different periods, in the initial stage of reform and opening to the outside world, urbanization in the early stages of development, planting structure adjustment and policy adjustment period showed different characteristics.