交通警察人格特征、应对方式、心理健康状况

Personality Traits,Coping Style and Mental Health of Traffic Police

目的:了解新疆地区交通警察人格特征、应对方式及心理健康状况,为交通警察有针对性的心理服务提供科学的依据。方法:采用成人艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、应对方式问卷(CSQ)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对新疆地区的781名交通警察进行调查。结果:新疆地区交通警察在人格特质方面,男性交通警察精神质(t=-23.52,P<0.05)、神经质(t=-3.27,P<0.05)均低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义;内外向(t=21.67,P<0.05)高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义。女性交警精神质(t=-11.91,P<0.05)低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义,内外向(t=5.43,P<0.05)高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义;在应对方式上,新疆地区交通警察依次采用解决问题(1.39±0.36)、求助(1.34±0.42)、合理化(1.32±0.44)、退避(1.31±0.47)、幻想(1.25±0.50)和自责(1.01±0.72)的方式;新疆地区交通警察除人际关系敏感(1.68±0.67)与全国常模没有差异外,躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性、其他分别为(1.63±0.75)、(1.84±0.70)、(1.62±0.69)、(1.58±0.66)、(1.60±0.71)、(1.32±0.54)、(1.57±0.64)、(1.49±0.56)、(1.64±0.67)分,均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(t=9.68,9.09,4.98,8.05,5.60,4.78,6.39,10.32,8.92;P<0.05);聚类后的4种人格类型和所占比例分别是外向稳定型(30.4%)、内向不稳定型(27.1%)、外向不稳定型(19.2%)、内向稳定型(23.3%);聚类后的4种人格类型个体在心理健康水平上不存在差异(P>0.05),外向稳定型和内向不稳定型人格类型在自责因子上的得分分别是(0.92±0.71)、(1.10±0.70)(F=2.95,P<0.05);在退避因子上的得分分别是(1.23±0.45)、(1.37±0.45)(F=3.63,P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论:新疆地区交通警察具有情绪稳定、性格温和、自我控制能力较强的人格特质,多采用成熟型应对方式,心理健康水平低于全国常模,不同人格类型在应对方式上有差异。

Objective：To understand the personality traits, coping style and mental health of traffic po- lice in Xinjiang region, and provide scientific basis on targeted psychological service for the traffic police. Methods： Eysenck personality questionnaire （EPQ）, coping styles questionnaire （CSQ）and symptom checklist 90 （ SCL - 90） were used to assess 781 traffic, police in Xinjiang region. Results： EPQ - P （ t = 23.52 ,P 〈 0.05 ） and EPQ - N （ t = 3.27, P 〈 0.05 ） of male traffic police in Xinjiang region were lower than the national norm, but EPQ -E （t = 21.67, P 〈 0.05 ）was higher than the national norm. For female police, EPQ - P（ t = 11.91, P 〈 0.05 ） was lower than the national norm, EPQ - E （ t = 5.43, P 〈 0.05 ） was higher than the national norm;On the coping styles, traffic police in Xinjiang region in turn used to solve the problem（ 1.39±0.36） ,help（ 1.34±0.42） ,rationalization（ 1.32 ±0.44） ,the retreat（ 1.31 ± 0.47 ）, fantasy, （ 1.25 ± 0.50）and remorse （ 1.01 ± 0.72） ;In SCL -90, their somatization, force, depres- sion, anxiety, hostility, terror, paranoia, psychosis, other respectively were higher than the national norm （ t = 9.68,9.09,4.98,8.05,5.60,4.78,6.39,10.32,6.39 ;P 〈 0.05 ） ;Four personality type and propor- tion after clustering were extroversion stability type （ 30.4% ）, introversion instability type （ 27.1% ）, ex- trovert instability type（ 19.2% ）,introverted stability type（23.3% ）. There was no significant differences in mental health level among four personality types, there were significant differences in self - reproach （ F = 2.95, P 〈 0.05 ） and retreat （ F = 3.63, P 〈 0.05 ） between extroversion stability type and introversion instability type. Conclusion：Traffic police in Xinjiang region have emotional stability, gentle, strong self- control ability, use the mature coping styles, their mental health level is lower than the national norm, there are differences in coping styles between the different personality types.