艺术团体心理危机干预对灾后儿童心理健康状况的改善效果

Effects of Group Psychological Crisis Intervention by the Medium of Art Therapy on the Mental Health of Post-earthquake Children

目的:探讨以艺术疗法为媒介的团体心理危机干预对地震灾后儿童心理健康状况的改善作用。方法:采用方便取样,选取亲历地震60名儿童,随机分为艺术团体干预组和对照组。干预组接受艺术团体心理危机干预,对照组处于常态。干预前后进行SCL-90、SAS和SDS测试,评估团体干预效果。结果:1干预后,艺术团体干预组的SCL-90总分及各个因子得分(t=-3.41^-7.83,P<0.05)、SAS(焦虑无助情绪)总分(t=-9.51,P<0.001)和SDS(悲观哀伤情绪)总分(t=-6.40,P<0.001)显著低于对照组;艺术团体干预组后测的SCL-90总指数明显低于干预前测(t=5.67,P<0.001);而干预前两组间各量表得分无显著性差异,对照组干预前后测得分无统计学差异;2艺术团体干预组成员SCL-90阳项均分(t=5.50,P<0.001)、躯体化(t=4.94,P<0.001)、强迫症状(t=3.88,P<0.01)、人际关系(t=3.93,P<0.01)、忧郁(t=6.44,P<0.001)、焦虑(t=4.34,P<0.001)、敌对(t=3.44,P<0.01)、恐怖(t=5.31,P<0.001)、偏执(t=2.14,P<0.05)、精神病性(t=3.98,P<0.001)和其他得分均有所下降(t=3.28,P<0.01),SAS、SDS等指标有明显好转,后测分数显著低于前测,差异具有统计学意义,而对照组前后测分数差异无统计学意义。结论:艺术团体心理危机干预是地震灾后儿童心理辅导的一种有效干预技术,明显改善灾后儿童的心理健康状况。

Objective：To investigate the effect of group psychological crisis intervention by the medi- um of art therapy on the improvement of mental health of post - earthquake children. Methods：By con- venience sampling and control study methods,60 children who had experienced the earthquake were cho- sen as research objects,who were divided into two groups randomly, i. e. experimental group and control group. The experimental group received artistic group psychological crisis intervention for 8 times and the control group was not intervened. The subjects were assessed with Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL -90）, Self - rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self - Rating Depression Scale （SDS） before and after the interventions. Results：①The intervention group had significantly lower total score of SAS （ t = -9.51, P 〈 O. 001 ） and SDS（ t = -6.40, P 〈 0. 001 ） ;lower total score and every dimensions of SCL - 90 （ t = -3.41 - -7.83 ,P 〈 0.05 ）than control group after the intervention;Compared with control group, the intervention group had significantly decreased in the total score of SCL- 90（ t = 5.67 ,P 〈0.001 ）, and there were no significant differences in SAS, SDS and SCL -90 between two groups before intervention. ②The research objects af- ter artistic group psychological crisis intervention showed significant decrease in the average mark of SCL - 90 （ t = 5.50, P 〈 0.001 ）, somatization （ t = 4.94, P 〈 0.001 ）, obsessive - compulsive （ t = 3.88, P 〈 0.01 ） ,interpersonal sensitivity （ t = 3.93, P 〈 0.01 ）, depression （ t = 6.44, P 〈 O. 001 ）, anxiety （ t = 4.34, P 〈 O. O01 ）, hostility （ t = 3.44, P 〈 0.01 ）, photic anxiety （ t = 5.31, P 〈 0.001 ）, paranoid ideation （ t = 2.14, P 〈 0.05 ）, psychoticism （ t = 3.98, P 〈 0.001 ）, additional items （ t = 3.28, P 〈 0.01 ） and ob- vious improvement on SAS （ anxious and helplessness mood） and SDS （pessimism）. Conclusion： Artistic group psychological crisis intervention has improved significantly mental health of post - disaster children, and turned out an effective intervention technique of psychological guidance for post - disaster children.