社区退休空巢老人心理健康及相关因素分析

Mental Health and Related Factors of the Retired Elderly with Empty Nest in Community

目的:了解社区退休空巢老人心理健康及相关因素。方法:将344例社区退休老人按居住状况分为绝对空巢组(96例)、相对空巢组(116例)、非空巢组(132例),用一般情况调查表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行调查,比较分析3组一般情况和SCL-90评分的差别。结果:344例空巢率61.63%,其中绝对空巢率27.91%。有配偶、有慢性病、有业余爱好、脑力劳动者的比例空巢组显著高于非空巢组(χ2=23.155,13.341,60.285,38.642,40.015,8.360,44.581,17.408;P均<0.05),空巢组文化程度、经济状况、家庭关系优于非空巢组(Z=-7.959,-6.257,-8.511,-3.472,-3.702,-4.145;P均<0.05)且绝对空巢组优于相对空巢组(Z=-3.974,-2.027,-3.702;P均<0.05),但邻里关系、健康自评绝对空巢组较非空巢组差(Z=-3.785,-3.189;P均<0.05)。SCL-90的躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执因子分和阳性项目数绝对空巢组高于相对空巢组和非空巢组(F=22.406,40.277,8.582,4.978,5.178,8.101,14.476;t=6.060,8.239,3.525,3.120,3.167,3.368,5.076,5.762,7.571,3.784,2.143,2.256,3.717,4.332;P均<0.05);但相对空巢组与非空巢组间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论:社区退休老人空巢现象比较普遍,绝对空巢老人心理健康状况较差,要给予高度重视。

Objective：To explore the mental health status and related factors of the retired elderly with empty nest in community. Methods：344 retired elderly people in a community were assigned into the ab- solute or relative or not empty nest group by living conditions. They were investigated with the question- naire about general condition and Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL -90 ）. The difference between the three groups about the general condition and scores of SCL -90 was compared and analyzed. Results：The rate of empty nest was 61.63%, the rate of absolute empty nest was 27.91%. The proportion of having a spouse, chronic diseases, hobbies and being knowledge workers in the empty nest groups were significantly higher than that in the not empty nest group（x： =23. 155,13. 341,60. 285,38. 642,40. 015,8. 360, 44. 581,17. 408 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. The level of education, economic status and family relation of empty nest groups were significantly better than those of not empty nest group （ Z = -7.959,-6. 257,-8.511 ,-3.472,-3.702 ,-4. 145 ;P 〈0.05）and that those of the absolute empty nest group were significantly better than those of the relative empty nest group （ Z = -3. 974,-2. 027 ,-3. 702 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. But self - evaluation of health and neighborly relation of absolute empty nest group were significantly worse than those of not emp- ty nest group （Z =-3. 785,-3. 189;P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of factors with somatization, interpersonal sensi- tivity, depression, anxiety, terrorist, paranoid and the number of positive project of SCL - 90 were signifi- cantly higher in the absolute empty nest group than those in the relative or not empty nest group （F -- 22.406,40.277,8. 582,4.978,5. 178,8. 101,14. 476 ; t = 6. 060,8. 239,3. 525,3. 120,3. 167,3. 368, 5. 076,5. 762,7. 571,3. 784,2. 143,2. 256,3. 717,4. 332 ; P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion： Most of the retired elderly people in community are empty nest elderly people. The absolute empty nest elderly peoples in community have worse mental health status. They should be given a high attention.