土壤改良剂对废弃砂石坑造林地土壤性质和银杏生理特性的影响

Effect of Different Soil Conditioner on Soil Properties and Physiological Characteristics of Ginkgo biloba in the Abandon Gravel Pit

以北京市平原地区造林工程中废弃砂石坑地类土壤造林地位研究对象,将园林废弃腐熟物、生物有机肥进行组合设计应用于平原造林工程中以对困难立地土壤进行改良。试验共分4种处理:对照(无任何处理);处理1(园林废弃腐熟物);处理2(生物有机肥);处理3(园林废弃腐熟物+生物有机肥)。测定了4种处理的土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落数量、土壤酶活性、植物生理指标以及造林成活率及成本等。结果表明:处理3较其他3种处理表现出更好的改良土壤理化性质、促进植物生长及减少造林成本的效果。与对照相比,处理3的土壤孔隙状况及持水特性显著提高;土壤养分质量分数显著提高,土壤有机质和土壤全氮质量分数提高1倍以上;土壤微生物群落数量显著提高;土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶等酶活性显著提高;银杏单叶含水量、相对含水量、叶绿素等生理指标质量分数显著提高,叶片全磷、全钾养分质量分数显著提高,丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸等抗旱指标质量分数显著降低,根系活力显著;土壤改良后造林成活率达到88.57%,每公顷降低造林成本28 245元。

With the waste sand and gravel pits in Beijing Plain Planting sites afforestation, we put the garden waste humus and biological organic fertilizer in combination design and used them in the plain afforestation project for improving the difficult site. The test was divided into four treatments including Treatment 1 with nothing as a control, Treatment 2 with garden waste humus, Treatment 3 with biological organic fertilizer, and Treatment 4 with both garden waste humus and biological organic fertilizer. We measured the soil physical and chemical properties, the number of soil microbial communities, soil enzyme activity, plant physiological indexes, afforestation survival rate and cost calculation of four treatments. Treatment 3 showed better effect in improving soil physical and chemical properties, promoting plant growth and reducing the cost of af- forestation, compared with the other three treatments. Compared with control, Treatment 3 could significantly increase soil porosity and moisture characteristics. The soil nutrient content increased significantly, and soil organic matter and total ni- trogen content increased by 100%. The number of soil microbial communities significantly increased. The soil urease and the catalase increased significantly. The leaf water content, relative water content, chlorophyll content and other physiologi- cal index content, significantly increased. The P and K in leaf significantly increased, but the drought resistance index contents of MDA, soluble sugar and Pro significantly reduced, and the root activity increased significantly. The afforesta- tion survival rate increased to 88.57%, and the afforestation cost was reduced by 28245 yuan per hectare.