中国传统建筑院落模式根源浅析

Analysis of Traditional Architectural Courtyard Space Mode of China

院落空间是中国建筑群体组成的核心和灵魂,不仅仅是一种建筑空间的组合形式,更反映出中国人的自然观、世界观以及生活方式,是中国文化的载体。建筑围合而成的半人工半自然院落,体现了人与自然的和谐;院落空间所形成的良好居住小环境,达到了阴阳的平衡;不同院落的组合,加强了主体建筑的等级感,也更加满足了"礼"的要求;院落空间的"虚"创造出一种意境,犹如绘画艺术中的飞白;不同大小、长宽比例的院落空间更好地适应了中国不同地貌、气候特征。该文从天人合一的思想、阴阳协调的思想、伦理等级的需求、中庸的审美思想、功能的需求等五个方面论述了中国传统建筑院落模式的根源,以期能够更好地理解中国传统建筑的精华及其文化内涵。

Courtyard space is the heart and soul of the Chinese construction groups. Not only is the form of a combination of architectural space, it also reflects the Chinese people＇s view of nature, world view and way of life, which is the carrier of Chinese culture. Semi-manual and semi-natural courtyard reflects the harmony between human and nature; the small good resident environment of courtyard space achieve a balance of Yin and Yang; combination of courtyard space strengthen a sense of the level of the main building and satisfy the Li request： virtual courtyard space is a mood, like the white fly of painting; the courtyard space of different sizes and aspect ratio adapt to the different topography and climate. This paper discusses the idea of ＂Nature and Man in One＂, the idea of Yin and Yang coordination, ethical level demand, the doctrine of aesthetic ideas, functional requirements, as five aspects of the roots of Chinese traditional courtyard building model in order to better understand the Chinese traditional architecture the essence of their culture.