中国大城市自然灾害预警系统研究

The Research of Natural Disaster Warning System for Big Cities in China

大城市自然灾害预警系统是城市管理者为了应对自然灾害突发事件,制定的一套具有预防、警报功能的完整体系。根据应急管理阶段理论,大城市自然灾害预警系统可以分为信息搜集、信息加工、决策、警报和咨询几个部分。以北京"7·21"暴雨为例,大城市自然灾害应急管理预警系统在信息搜集、加工、决策、警报、咨询环节存在不同程度的问题,需要通过维护搜集系统、增加校验环节、提高警报效果、完善咨询子系统等方法改进我国大城市自然灾害预警系统。

The natural disaster warning system is complete system for the manager of the city with the function of prevention, early warning in response to the natural disaster emergencies, According to the theory of stages of emergency management, warning systems for natural disasters in big cities can be divided into four steps inclouding information-collection, information-processing, decision, alerts and advice sections.Beijing ＂7·21＂ storm, for example, warning systems for natural disaster emergency management in big cities in information gathering, processing, decision, alerts and advisory aspects have different degrees of problems, need to maintain systems, increasing check links and improve alert effect, perfect adviee subsystems improved in big cities in China, such as early warning systems for natural disasters.