牛传染性鼻气管炎的流行与防控进展

The Prevention and Control of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis

牛传染性鼻气管炎是一种牛的接触性传染病,OIE将其列为必须通报的疫病之一。自1955年美国暴发牛传染性鼻气管炎后,欧洲、澳洲、亚洲、南美洲均有IBR暴发,呈世界性流行。我国于1980年首次分离鉴定出IBRV,自此后我国各地牛均有IBR感染的报道。现在瑞士、芬兰、丹麦、挪威等少数国家利用免疫、扑杀、检疫等手段已经根除了IBR,为我国防控提供了参考。但由于我国IBR阳性率高,扑杀阳性牛成本大,综合考虑经济等各方面的因素,"检疫-扑杀措施"我国不适用。但可通过实行"免疫-扑杀"措施,以达到降低IBR阳性率,控制IBR的目的。

IBR is a cattle contagious disease, OIE listed it as reportable disease. After United States broke out bovine infectious bronchitis in 1955, Europe, Australia, Asia, South America have all had IBR outbreaking, the disease was endemic all over the world. IBRV was first isolated and identified in China in 1980. Since then, there have been reports of IBR infection all over the country. Till now, only few countries such as Switzerland, Finland, Denmark, Norway and others eradicated IBR by immunization, culling, quarantine and other methods. These experiences provided the basis for the prevention and control of our country. But due to the high positive rate of the IBR, culling all positive cattle is not applicable in China, but we can use the way to control IBR by immunization and culling.