紫苏精油对博物馆害虫白腹皮蠹驱避性及毒力测试研究

Repellency and toxicity of Perilla frutescens essential oil against museum pest Dermestes maculates

白腹皮蠹是博物馆的重点害虫,传统有毒化学药品防治法给藏品安全、人类健康和自然环境带来诸多弊端.新型植物活性提取物防治法因其安全性和环境友好性成为研究热点.本文在采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫苏精油并对其成分进行分析的基础上,测试了紫苏精油对白腹皮蠹成虫的驱避活性和触杀活性.结果表明紫苏精油含有2 6种挥发性成分且对试虫具有强烈的触杀活性和驱避活性,当点滴量达lO pg/头时获得100%死亡率,同时作用浓度为0.3mL/m2的精油对试虫的驱避强度在6 h 试验期间均维持在最强烈的V 级.这说明紫苏精油有望成为一种天然杀虫剂及驱避剂,以应用于博物馆藏品保护领域.

Dermestes maculatus, as recognized one of serious museum pests, was traditionally controlled and eradicated by poisonous chemicals which bring great hazard to collection safety, human health and natural environment. In view of the problems with the current pesticides, this has focused attention on the development of new types of pesticides from plant extracts as potential alternative to conventional control methods. This article investigated the chemical composition, insecticidal and repellent activities of the essential oil of Perilla frutescens against D. maculatus. The essential oil of P.frutescens was obtained by hydrodistillation and a total of 26 components in the essential oil were identified with GC/MS. The result showed that the essential oil exhibited strong insecticidal and repellent activities against D. maculatus. In the determination of contact activity, at 10 μg per insect dose after 24 h, the corrected mortality was 100%. Data in the determination of repellent activity also showed that at tested concentration of 0.3m L/m2, the essential oil keep strong repellency(class V) at6 h after exposure. The results indicate that the essential oil of P. frutescens has the potential to develop into natural insecticides or repellents to control insects in museum collections.