何以卓越?——美国博物馆教育背后的思考

Why excellent? Thinking of education in American museums

本文基于对美国博物馆的实地考察、调研和访谈,尝试归纳了美国博物馆展览和教育的五个主要特征差异化的战略定位、秉持“真实”的属性、打开博物馆的大门、深入的馆校合作和展览中的学习科学,并对其社会化、市场化的运行管理模式进行分析,初步总结了当代美国博物馆非正规教育与正规教育的融合、博物馆的公民化及新技术的应用三个主要发展趋势,并提出了对我国博物馆管理模式、馆校合作、社会资源利用、政策改革等的建议,希冀为我国博物馆教育功能的发挥借鉴一二.

Based on the field trip to the museums of USA and discuss with the museum counterparts,experts and professors, this article tried to summit the five major characters of the exhibition and education for a successful American museum: differentiation of strategy, true not fake, turn the inside out to the public, deep cooperation between museums and schools and learning science in exhibition.How do American museums achieve these? Besides the excellent employee, it’s due to the socialize mode of employing labors and market-oriented operation philosophy. Nowadays, the American museums have more affection to the formal education system, more public joined museum’s daily operation, and more new technologies are been applied in museum exhibition and education. The experience of the success American museums may remind us reconsidering our management way in cooperate with schools, integrate the social resource and appeal the government to reform some policy.