IOL在婴幼儿白内障手术中的应用

Application of intraocular lens in infant cataract surgery

目前,国内外已将白内障摘除和人工晶状体(intraocularlens,IOL)植入作为治疗儿童白内障的首要选择。但是,儿童眼特别是婴幼儿眼的IOL植入一直是眼科界关注的问题。适时的白内障摘除术后IOL植入对于屈光矫正、视功能建立、预防弱视和双眼视功能重建都有极大的作用。然而,有关婴幼儿白内障摘除术后IOL植入问题,在儿童白内障治疗方案上始终存在争议,争议的焦点主要集中在IOL植入的时机问题上。理论上讲,儿童白内障的手术治疗原则是越早越好,目的是去形觉剥夺因素,打开视觉通路,及时植入IOL,促进视觉发育。但如何找到既"早"又安全的IOL植入时间点无疑对患儿视功能的康复是大有益处的,本文就国内外儿童白内障摘除术后IOL植入问题进行综述。

Cataract extraction and the intraocular lens （ IOL ） implantation are the first choice to cure children cataract both domestic and overseas so far. However, IOL implantation in the eyes of children, especially in infant, has always been cared by ophthalmologists. Timely implanting IOL after the cataract extraction has played a significant role in terms of the refractive correction, the establishment of visual function, the prevention of amblyopia and the reconstruction of binocular vision. However, on the issue of IOL implantation after cataract extraction, there is always controversy on cataract treatment programs for children, and the focus of the controversy is when the IOL should be implanted. Theoretically, the principle of pediatric cataract surgery is the sooner the better, aiming to remove deprivation factor, open the visual pathway, implant IOL timely, and promote the visual development. How to find both“early” and safe IOL implantation time point is undoubtedly helpful for the rehabilitation of visual function of these children. The issues on the IOL implantation after children cataract extraction both at home and abroad are summarized below.