非物质文化遗产传承人口述史的效度与限度研究

A Research on the Validity and Limit of the Oral History of Folk Art Inheritors

在当代非物质文化遗产保护工作中,传承人保护的基础性和关键性地位已成为普遍共识。众多非遗传承人因掌握某类技艺而成为民间文化精英,作为非遗的创造者与持有者,传承人口述史是对文化记忆的选择性和重构性表达,难免存在遗忘、隐藏、虚构、美化等认知偏差和行为偏差。因而,为有效推进我国非遗保护工作,应厘清非遗传承人的口述历史的效度和限度,充分虑及制约口述史效度限度的诸般因素,结合对记忆口述语境的分析,重新认识非遗传承人口述史的角色地位。

It has become a common consensus that the folk art inheritors,who are folk cultural elites for mastering certain skills,play a foundational and pivotal role in the contemporary intangible cultural heritage protection. As the creators and holders of intangible culture,the oral history of folk art inheritors is a selective and reconstructive expression of cultural memory,which may have cognitive and behavioral biases,such as forgetting,hiding,fiction,beautifying and so on. Therefore,to effectively promote the intangible cultural heritage protection in China,we should clarify the validity and limit of the oral history and take the limit factors into consider. By combining with the analysis of oral memory context,regain the roles and status of the oral history of folk art inheritors.