大学生听力损失现状的流行病学调查

Cross-sectional study of hearing loss among freshmen in university

目的:通过调查大学生听力损失现状、噪声暴露水平及听觉行为习惯,获得听力损失的患病率,探讨听力损失的危险因素,为有针对性的开展听力损失的预防、耳保健和听力保健宣教提供研究证据。方法:以目的抽样的方式,抽取某大学642例新生为研究对象。研究中对全部受试者逐一进行纯音听力测试,并采用噪声暴露水平调查量表进行评估。结果:1WHO/PDH97.3推荐的听力损失诊断标准,高频听力损失诊断标准,以及噪声引起的听力阈值改变标准下,听力损失患病率分别为0.36%、20.91%和6.73%。2多元Logistic回归对高频听力损失的危险因素分析显示,交通噪声中暴露和耳部感染史可能是高频听力损失发生的危险因素。结论:大学生高频听力损失患病率较高,交通噪声和耳部感染是引起听力损失的危险因素,大学生听力损失预防值得关注。

Objective：The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of hearing loss by studying the current status of hearing loss, risk factors of hearing loss, exposure level of noise, and everyday habit of hearing in a group of university students, so as to provide information for hearing loss prevention in university students. Method： According to the purposive sampling method, 642 freshmen students participated in the study. Pure tone audiometry, and exposure level of noise scale were performed in all participants. Result：（1）According to the hearing loss criterion of WHO/PDH97.3, high frequency hearing loss, and noise induced threshold shifts, the hearing loss prevalence was 0. 36% ,20. 91 %and 6.73 %, respectively. （2）Multivariant Logistic regression analysis of high-frequency hearing loss indicated that traffic noise exposure and ear infection were risk factor of high fre- quency hearing loss. Conclusion：There is a high prevalence of high frequency hearing loss in university students （20. 91 %）,which was high related with traffic noise exposure and ear infection.