邯郸市大气复合污染特征的监测研究

Characteristics of air pollution complex in Handan

利用邯郸市4个大气环境监测站点的PM2.5、PM10、O3等在线连续观测数据,对2013年全年的PM2.5、PM10、O3的浓度水平、变化规律和PM2.5/PM10的变化情况进行了分析,并从地形、气象、污染物排放及冬、夏季逐时PM2.5、O3和各类气体污染物浓度之间的关系等方面进行了研究.结果表明:12013年PM2.5、PM10的年均浓度分别为139和238μg·m-3,分别是国家二级标准的4.0倍和3.4倍.PM2.5、PM10日均浓度超过标准的天数均在280 d左右,全年3/4以上天数均超标.其颗粒物污染程度甚至超过北京、天津、长三角和珠三角等超大城市或城市群,属于严重超载的红色预警地区.整个采暖期PM2.5、PM10平均浓度分别为209和322.1μg·m-3,为非采暖期平均浓度的2倍和1.6倍;同时,采暖期PM2.5/PM10平均值为63%,高出非采暖期10%,采暖期细颗粒物污染问题特征明显.22013年O3日最大8小时平均浓度的最大值为238μg·m-3,是国家二级标准的1.5倍,超标天数为53 d,超标率为14.5%;最大时均浓度为288μg·m-3,是国家二级标准的1.4倍,超标小时数为148h,占全年有效数据的1.7%;与北方城市相比,其污染程度超过北京、天津等,略低于洛阳污染水平.3邯郸市大气复合污染的形成,除了区域大气环流与特殊地形叠加影响外,还主要归因于相对较高的人为源大气污染物排放,因此,要想走出复合污染的困局,减排是硬道理,解决灰霾污染需开展颗粒物、NOx、SO2等污染物的协同控制.

By using PM2. 5,PM10 and O3concentration data from continuous online observation in four environment monitoring stations in Handan in2013,this paper analyzes the characteristics of PM2. 5,PM10 and O3,and their relationship with geography,climate,and pollutant emission. The results show that the annual average concentration of PM2. 5and PM10 in 2013 is 139 and 238 μg·m- 3,respectively,4 and 3. 4 times the national secondary standard. Daily average concentrations of PM2. 5and PM10 exceed standard on three quarters of the year. Particulate pollution in Handan is even more serious than that in metropolitans like Beijing,Tianjin,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta,and the area is taken as heavily overloaded red alert area. The average concentration of PM2. 5and PM10 in the whole heating period is 209 and 322. 1 μg·m- 3,2 and 1. 6 times that in non-heating period.In addition,the average value of PM2. 5and PM10 during heating period is 63%,ten percent higher than that in non-heating period. The characteristics of fine particle pollution are more obvious during heating period. The maximum 8-hour O3 is 238 μg·m- 3,1. 5 times the national secondary standard,and the standard is exceeded for 53 days in a ratio 14. 5%. The maximum hourly O3 concentration is 288 μg·m- 3,1. 4 times the national secondary standard,and the standard is exceeded for 148 hours in a ratio of 1. 7%. The non-attainment ratio is higher than Beijing and Tianjin and narrowly lower than Luoyang. Except for the cumulated influence of atmospheric circulation and special topography,the heavy air pollution is mainly attributed to the significant emission from anthropogenic sources. Therefore,concerted emission reduction on particles,NOx and SO2 is of top priority to solve the air pollution problem.