中国城市客运交通生态足迹测算——以北京市为例

Calculation on the ecological footprint of urban passenger traffic in China:taking Beijing City for example

以北京市客运交通为研究对象(含公共汽(电)车、轨道交通、出租车、小汽车四大类),利用交通生态足迹的测算方法分析了2012年北京市各种客运交通的生态足迹及生态效率,估算了北京市客运交通的生态足迹目标函数值,从降低交通生态足迹与提高客运交通总分担量的角度提出了优化北京市客运交通结构的策略。分析结果显示,从客运交通生态足迹占用土地类型可看出,间接用地即化石能源地面积占99%以上;从不同客运交通的生态足迹构成分析可看出,小汽车的生态足迹最高,占77.45%,且小汽车生态效率最低。因此,应提高交通能源利用效率,限制小汽车的增加,并进一步发展公共交通。

This essay regards the passenger traffic of Beijing as the research object,including four categories of public steam( electric) vehicles,rail transportation,taxis,and cars.By using traffic ecological footprint calculation method,this essay analyzes the various passenger traffic ecological footprint and ecological efficiency in Beijing at 2012. And by estimating the objective function value of the ecological footprint about four passenger traffic modes in Beijing,this essay propose a strategy about optimizing the structure of Beijing passenger traffic from the point of view of reducing the traffic ecological footprint and enhancing the total share volume of passengers. The results show that according to the types of lands that the ecological footprint occupied,the indirect land, namely the fossil energy land,takes up more than 99%; from the analysis to the different passenger transport of ecological footprint,it is obvious that the ecological footprint of the car is the highest,with about 77. 45%,and the ecological efficiency of cars is the lowest. Therefore,the energy consumption of cars mainly contributes to the ecological footprint of passenger traffic in Beijing. It's better to improve the traffic efficiency,limit the increase of the car and develop the public transport,etc.