深析政府与市场关系之困——公用事业市场化改革的中国之路

Deep Analysis of the Difficulty in the Government-Market Relationship——The Chinese Road for the Market-oriented Public Utilities Reform

城市公用事业改革的国际经验及其相应的理论发展脉络表明,政府规制与市场竞争的关系经历了一个从二元对立到互补融合的演进过程。我国城市公用事业改革经历了从政府垄断经营、几乎无视市场竞争和民营化作用,到重视市场化、民营化而政府规制体系建设相对滞后的演变过程。我国城市公用事业市场化改革可谓中途半端、喜忧参半。而按照政府规制与市场竞争互补融合理念健全我国城市公用事业政府规制体系的必要性、紧迫性正在凸显。

The international experience in the reform of urban public utilities and the development history of relevant theories show that the relationship between the government regulation and market competition has undergone a process from binary opposition to a complementary fusion. In China, the urban public utilities were first monopolized by the government, with the role of market competition and privatization almost totally ignored; and then importance was given to the market and privatization, but the government regulation system lagged behind. The market-based reform of the urban public utilities in China is complex. It has become an urgent task to improve the government regulation system for urban public utilities in accordance with the idea of complementarity between the government regulation and the market competition.