三峡水库蓄水后铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肌肉和肝脏中重金属水平

THE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN THE MUSCLES AND THE LIVERS OF COREIUS HETERODON AND COREIVS GUICHENOTI AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

为了解三峡水库蓄水后鱼体重金属富集现状及其潜在的生态风险和食品安全,测定了三峡水库上、中、下游不同年龄组铜鱼(Coreius heterodon)和圆口铜鱼(C.guichenoti)肌肉和肝脏中重金属含量。利用等离子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法检测样品中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、Hg、As等7种重金属含量。结果表明:7种重金属在铜鱼和圆口铜鱼体内的含量水平基本一致,重金属在铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肌肉中含量大小均为Zn>Cu>Cr>Hg>As≥Pb>Cd,在铜鱼肝脏中含量大小为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Cr>As>Hg,而在圆口铜鱼肝脏中含量大小为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As。铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肝脏中重金属含量显著高于肌肉(P<0.05)。两种鱼类间大部分重金属在库区上、中、下游无显著差异(P>0.05)。铜鱼和圆口铜鱼肌肉(可食用部分)中7种重金属含量均未超过国家食品安全卫生标准,属于安全食用范围;肝脏中除Cd和Pb外的其他元素含量均未超过国家标准。相关结果反映了三峡水库175 m蓄水后底栖土著经济鱼类重金属的污染状况,对了解该地区水产品质量安全状况及水产品安全评价提供了参考依据。

In this study, we measured the contents of heavy metals in the muscles and the livers of Coreius heterodon and C. guichenoti of different ages in the upper-, middle-, and down-streams of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）. We aimed to clarify the current situation of heavy metal pollutions in the native species in the TGR, and to assess the poten- tial risks in the fish ecosystem and food safety. The concentrations of Mercury （Hg）, arsenic （As）, lead （Pb）, cadmium （Cd）, copper （Cu）, zinc （Zn） and chromium （Cr） in the muscles and livers of fish were determined with the methods of plasma absorption spectrometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The concentrations in the muscles of the two fish species were Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Hg〉As ≥ Pb〉Cd. In the livers, the orders were Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Cr〉As〉Hg, and Zn〉Cu〉Pb〉Cr〉Cd〉Hg〉for C. heterodon and C. guichenoti respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in the livers were significantly higher than that in the muscles （P〈0.05）. Overall there was no significant difference in the concentration of each heavy metal between the individuals obtained from different locations, although there were a few exceptions. The concentrations of heavy metals in the muscles-the edible part of fishwere all under the limit according to the National Standards of Aquatic Product Safety. The concentrations of most heavy metals （except for Cd and Pb） in the livers were also in the safe range. These results uncovered the current status of heavy metal pollutions in the two indigenous economic fish species in the TGR, and contributed to better under- standing of the quality and safety of the aquatic products in this area.