三峡水库生态渔业发展策略与关键技术研究分析

ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES AND KEY TECHNIQUES OF ECOLOGICAL FISHERIES IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR, CHINA

针对三峡水库蓄水后水体资源丰富、水生态系统发育尚不完善、支流库湾藻类"水华"问题较严重、鱼类群落结构有待调控、水生生物资源未有效利用和转化的现状,阐述了三峡水库生态渔业作为生态系统保护途径和绿色产业的必要性与重要性,提出了三峡水库生态渔业发展的总体目标与基本原则,认为三峡水库发展生态渔业应以生态安全保障和水质养护为首要任务,严格控制外来物种的引种移植,以土著鱼类自然繁殖保护和捕捞管理为主,动态调控放流增殖的鱼类种类和数量为辅,建立以鱼类群落合理配置和食物网结构优化为手段的水库生态系统调控技术体系,促进高效的物质循环和能量流动,实现环境保护和渔业增效的双赢。作者围绕渔业放流增殖、野生鱼类资源保护、捕捞管理、局部库区渔业调控、渔业生物控藻、社区渔业协调管理、生态渔业总体规划等方面,分析了现阶段三峡水库生态渔业的重点研究任务与关键技术,同时建议加强相关生态学理论与方法研究、技术示范和成果应用,为三峡水库"以渔养水"、"渔-水和谐"的综合管理提供决策依据。

In this paper, based on the current status of water environment, living resources and ecosystem structure of the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR）, we clarified the necessity and importance of ecological fisheries in the TGR as a way of ecosystem protection and as green agriculture for local people. We put forward the overall goal and basic princi- ples of ecological fisheries development in the TGR, underlining the priority of ecological security and water quality conservation. The introduction of alien species should be strictly prohibited in the reservoir. Enhancement of indigenous fish resources should be carried out through protection of natural reproduction, fishing management, and stocking with suitable species and number. To achieve a win-win situation for environmental protection and fishery benefit in the TGR it is necessary to establish feasible ecosystem regulation technologies by optimizing the allocation of fish composition and tbod web structure and promoting high efficiency of nutrient cycling and energy transfer. We analyzed the main research tasks and key technologies for ecological fisheries in the TGR at the present stage, centering on the relevant aspects including protection of wild fishes, stocking enhancement, fishing management, fishery regulation in tributaries, biomanipulation on algal blooms, coordination of community fishery, and overall fishery planning. We suggested that there should be more studies in the future conducted on the related ecological theories and methods, technology demon- stration, and application of key technologies.