脱毒甘薯培养与种薯繁育生产程序

Virus-free Sweet Potato Cultivation and Seed Potato Breeding Producing Process

甘薯属无性繁殖作物,整个生育期均易感染病毒,甘薯病毒病已成为影响甘薯产量和品质的一大制约因素.据调查,南阳市一般田块发病率100％,一般减产30％左右,2010 ～2013年共检测病害样品2 214个.结果表明,南阳市甘薯病毒的病原至少有6种,即甘薯羽状斑驳病毒（SPFMV）、甘薯潜隐病毒（SPLV）、褪绿斑病毒（SPCFV）、C-6、C-8和甘薯轻驳病毒（SPMMV）,其中以SPFMV的检出率最高,阳性率达72.12％,其次是SPLV达60.22％.利用茎尖分生组织培养甘薯种苗,生产脱毒甘薯成为防治病毒病、提高甘薯产量和品质的首选方法.最后概括了脱毒种薯的生产程序,即①选用优良品种,②茎尖分生组织,③病毒检测,④优良株系评选,⑤脱毒试管苗快繁,⑥网室内生产脱毒原原种,⑦隔离区生产脱毒原种,⑧大田生产脱毒良种.

Sweet potato is an asexually reproductive plant, and is susceptible to infect the virus during the whole growth period. The sweet potato virus disease has became a major constraint on the yield and quality of sweet potato. According to the survey, the field incidence rate of Nanyang City, generally, was a hundred percent and cut thirty percent. A total of 2 214 disease samples were detected during 2010 -2013. The result shows that there are at least six pathogens types of sweet potato virus of Nanyang City, which are sweet potato feathery mottle virus （SPFMV）, sweet potato latent virus （SPLV）, sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus （SPCFV）, C-6, C-8 and sweet potato mild mosaic virus （SPMMV） , respectively. The highest detection rate among those virus is SPFMV, which has a positive rate of 72.12% , followed by SPLV, up to 60.22%. In order to prevent and cure virus disease, improve the yield and quality of sweet potato, the preferred method was producing virus-free sweet potato obtained from sweet potato seedlings by shoot apical meristem culture. Virus-free potato production program is summa- rized below： （1） choose excellent breed, （2） shoot apical meristem, （3） virus check, （4） choose good clone （5） produce virus-free tube potato plantlets rapidly, （6） in greedhouse, produce basic seeds of virus-free potatoes, （7） in the quarantined areas , produce virus-free bulbs, （8） in the fields, plant virus-free varieties.