纳米材料在农药残留分离富集和检测中的应用进展

Research progress on the application of nanomaterials for separation,enrichment and detection of pesticide

农药残留严重影响人类健康,为了满足农残快速检测的迫切需求,纳米材料以其在光学、电学、磁学等诸多方面的优越性质,在农残分析中得到关注。本文介绍研究最为广泛的碳纳米材料(碳纳米管、石墨烯)、贵金属纳米材料(纳米金)、半导体纳米材料(量子点)及纳米氧化物(二氧化钛、四氧化三铁)的特性。结合其特性,重点归纳这些纳米材料在食品和环境的应用研究进展,包括基于碳纳米材料大的比表面积及与农药分子的静电吸附作用,其广泛用于农药残留的分离富集;充分利用碳纳米管的电催化活性以及胶体金和量子点的光学特性,构建传感器用于农残的快速筛查。此外,对其在中药中农药残留检测的应用前景进行展望。

Pesticide residue seriously affects human health. To meet the urgent need of rapid detection of pesticide residues, nanomaterials have received an increasing attention by virtue of their excellent properties in optics, elec- tricity, magnetism, and so on. This review summarizes the characteristics of widely-reported nanomaterials, such as carbon nanomaterials （carbon nanotubes and graphene）, noble-metal nanomaterials （gold nanoparticles）, semicon- ductor nanomaterials （quantum dots ） and nano oxide （titanium dioxide, ferroferric oxide ）. Special emphasis is placed on the application progress of these nanomaterials in food and environment. Based on large specific surface characteristics and electrostatic interactions with pesticide targets, carbon nanomaterials have been used to separate and enrich pesticide residues from food and the environment. Moreover, carbon nanotube exhibits electrocatalytic ac- tivity, gold nanoparticles and quantum dots possess unique optic properties and thus have been employed as sensors for rapid screening of pesticides. In addition, its broad application in pesticide detection in traditional Chinese medicines is prospected.