论法国国际私法视阈下的公序法

Lois de police from the Perspective of French Private International Law

公序法的概念最早出现于1804年《法国民法典》第3条第1款,但系统理论由弗朗西斯卡基斯在20世纪中期完成。其以"公序法"取代"直接适用法"的表述,旨在强调此类规范为维护一国政治、社会或经济运行所必需,进而需要在冲突规范之外予以适用。公序法理论改变了法国国际私法的传统做法,极大推动了相关制度在欧盟层面的建立,并逐步受到统一法的约束。晚近法国司法实践不仅在理论上对本国公序法的适用有所发展,还创始性地考虑第三国公序法的适用。法国公序法的理论和实践,对于解释和完善《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第4条和《〈涉外民事关系法律适用法〉解释(一)》第10条确立的强制规范直接适用制度也有所裨益。

The term lois de police first appeared in Art. 3 paragraph 1 of French Civil Code （1804）, but the systematic theory was completed only in the mid-20th century by Francescakis. He replaced the expression ＂lois d＇application immediate＂ with ＂lois de police＂ to emphasize the importance of such norms in safeguarding a country＇ s political, social and eco- nomic operations and the need for their application outside the scope of conflict rules. The theo- ry of lois de police has changed the traditional practice of French private international law, great- ly promoted the establishment of relevant institutions at the EU level, and gradually been incor- porated into unified legislations. The recent French judicial practice has not only developed the theory of application of lois de police, but also taken into consideration lois de police d＇ un pays tiers for the first time. Such theory and practice of French lois de police are also beneficial to the interpretation and perfection of the institution of direct application of mandatory rules defined by Art. 4 of the Act on the Application of Law and Art. 10 of the Interpretation I of the Act on the Application of Law.