曲面薄壁零件的仿形装夹优化研究

Research on Optimal Design of Fixture for Thin Wall Parts with Curved Surfaces

针对大型自由曲面的薄壁件在加工中易发生变形的问题,提出了结构模块化仿形定位/支撑,真空吸附夹紧的装夹理念——夹具定位/支撑面与被加工曲面的某几个局部区域保持一致,真空吸附保证这些区域夹紧力均匀。文中建立了曲面薄壁件的几何模型,利用有限元对薄壁件进行变形预测。通过ANSYS的APDL语言和遗传算法相结合的寻优途径,实现定位/支撑模块所需数量最少、布局方式最优的状态。

To void the processing deformation of large thin wall parts,this paper proposes an idea that modular structure positioning or supporting,and vacuum suction clamping. The positioning or supporting surfaces of modular structure can keep the same with some local areas of surfaces,and vacuum suction clamping can ensure uniform clamping force. This paper designs vacuum fixture structure of thin-walled parts with curved surfaces. Deformation prediction of thin-walled parts is carried out using finite element analysis. APDL language of ANSYS is combined with genetic algorithm（GA） to attain the optimal state that requires the least amount of modular structure and the most reasonable layout.