环境脆弱性、生态系统恢复力与泥石流灾害--以云南省东川区的泥石流灾害为例

Environmental Vulnerability,Ecosystem Resilience and Debris Flow Disasters——Taking Disaster of Debris Flow in Dongchuan of Yunnan Province as a Case Study

本文通过人类学的方法对云南省昆明市东川区的泥石流灾害进行了深入研究,认为东川区的环境脆弱性和泥石流灾害的发生有自然和人为因素,自然因素是东川地处小江断裂带的核心地区,地震灾害多发;人为因素是矿业开发和过度损害环境,森林覆盖率下降,泥土砂石长期裸露和风化,造成了生态系统无法恢复,并长期发生严重的泥石流灾害。文章建议,东川区的泥石流灾害应坚持短期、中期和长期治理相结合的方法,短期治理以工程防灾为主,中期可以考虑搬迁、工程等相结合,而长期治理应坚持综合治理方式,即保护生态系统,退耕还林,增加生态系统恢复力,从根本上保证生态系统处在安全的范围之内。

The Dongchuan district of Kun-ming,Yunnan is a place where debris flows hap-pens frequently.As a result, the district is called a“natural museum of debris flow disasters”.This ar-ticle will analyze the causes of debris flows in Dongchuan, management approaches, and the im-pacts of the disaster on the local people from the perspective of anthropology.It will reflect environ-mental vulnerability, ecosystem resilience, and their anthropological significance.Moreover, this article will also propose some suggestions on sol-ving the problems of debris flow in Dongchuan from the angle of anthropology.