法律推理中的语境问题研究

Contextual Studies of the Legal Reasoning

语境就是时间、地点、场合、对象等客观因素和使用语言的人、身份、思想、目的、价值、性格、职业、修养、处境、心情等主观因素所构成的使用言语的环境。法律推理语境的组成包括:所有可能的说者的集合,所有可能的听者的集合,所有时间的集合,所有地点的集合,话语所有可能世界的集合。法律推理语境的特征是:内容上的综合性和生成上的动态性。由于现代法治的发展,法律推理呈现出交互主体间性的特征,由法官单一主体的"独白"变成原告、被告、法官、辩护人等平等多主体的言语"对话"过程,离开语境,就没有适当的对话,也没有正确的法律推理。

Context refers to the environment of and object as well as subjective factors such as using words including the objective factors such as time, place, occasion language user, identity, idea, purpose, value, character, occupation, education, position and mood. The context of legal reasoning consists of all possible speakers, all possible listeners, all the time, all the sites, and all the possible discourse of the world. Legal reasoning context is characterized by the com- prehensive content and the generative dynamics. Due to the development of the modern rule of law, legal reasoning shows the characteristics of intersubjectivity. That is to say, the judge＇ s monologue of a single subject has become the dialogue among equal multi-agents including the plaintiff, the defendant, the judge and the defender. Without context, there is neither proper dialogue nor the correct legal reasoning.