乔治·格雷统治时期的新西兰土地问题研究——以第二届总督任内为例(1861-1868)

Land Issue in New Zealand During the Regime of George Grey——Taking the Second Term of Governor as an Example(1861-1868)

1840年,新西兰沦为英国殖民地。殖民地建立之初,土地便是新西兰社会最为核心的问题。殖民开拓时期的历届政府均将解决土地问题、吸引更多的欧洲移民作为执政的第一要务。乔治·格雷担任过两届总督,一届总理。在其第二届总督任内,毛利土地公有制瓦解、移民大幅度增加、经济一步步走向繁荣,是殖民地发展的重要阶段,对新西兰后来的现代化发展具有重要意义。

New Zealand was colonized by the British in 1840. When the colony was originally established, land was the central issue of New Zealand. The government took settling the land issue and attracting more European immigrants as a top priority during the colonial pionnering period. George Gray served two terms as a governor before being as prime minister. During his second term as a governor, the development of colony entered an important phase. The achieve- ments of the phase, three major events occured. Firstly, the public ownership of Maori land was collapsed. Secondly, the immigration increased significantly. More importantly, the economy trucked into prosperity. The phase had a signifi- cant influence on the succedent development of modernization in New Zealand.