玉米淀粉纳米颗粒的制备研究

Preparation research of starch based nanoparticles

利用碱性复合溶剂在低温条件下碱解玉米淀粉制备纳米材料,并利用红外光谱(IR)、固体13C CP-MAS核磁(NMR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和动态光散射等分析手段对所得纳米颗粒进行了表征.实验结果表明,用预冷到-8^-10℃的6%NaOH/4%尿素/水溶液处理淀粉,所得淀粉纳米颗粒(N-St)较其他方法制得的纳米颗粒尺寸变小,粒径约为30~100nm,虽然淀粉的结晶形态发生改变,但化学结构不变.采用碱解法制备N-St,其优点是N-St颗粒的粒度分布较窄、尺寸小、比表面积大,具有生物相容性、无毒无公害等特点,另外,在后处理时尿素可以被完全除掉.N-St在载药和缓释给药、制备污水处理剂、制备重金属离子吸附剂等方面具有广泛的应用前景.

The nanoparticles of starch（N-St）were obtained by adding starch into the aqueous solution containing 6%NaOH/4% urea which was pre-cooled to below-8 ℃,and were characterized by the infrared spectroscopy（IR）,the solid magnetic resonance spectroscopy（^13 C CP/MAS NMR）、the X ray diffraction（XRD）and dynamic light scattering（DLS）methods.The results showed that the chemical structure of N-St did not change,but the size of N-St became much smaller,only 30-100nm by the alkaline hydrolysis of corn starch at low temperatures.Its advantage is that N-St particle size distribution is relatively narrow,small size,large specific surface area.It has many characteristics,such as biocompatibility,non-toxic pollution-free.In addition,in the post-processing of urea,it can be completely removed.N-St in drug sustained-release dosage,preparation and sewage treatment agent,heavy metal ion adsorbent preparation has wide prospect in application.