海洋环境因子对日本海太平洋褶柔鱼渔场时空分布的影响

Influence of marine environment factors on temporal and spatial distribution of Japanese common squid fishing grounds in the Sea of Japan

根据2010—2013年11—12月日本海太平洋褶柔鱼（Todarodes pacificus）的渔获生产数据，并结合遥感获取的海洋环境数据，利用渔获量重心法、地统计插值和数理统计方法，分析了太平洋褶柔鱼的资源丰度与渔获量重心的时空变化及其与主要环境因子（海表温度、叶绿素浓度、海流）之间的关系。研究表明，渔场重心每年稍有差异，经度重心集中在132°20′E附近；纬度重心集中在36°30′N和37°30′N两个位置附近。GAM模型显示，日本海太平洋褶柔鱼渔场的最适海表温度为16~18℃；最适叶绿素a浓度为0.37~0.45 mg/m3。海洋环境与单位捕捞努力渔获量（CPUE）的回归方程的显著性检验表明，除了叶绿素 a 浓度呈一般显著外，海表温度和空间因子在 CPUE 上的回归均极显著（P〈0.01），符合统计意义。4年间渔场的适宜环境范围有所差异，推断主要是日本海海域对马暖流、东朝鲜暖流与里曼寒流相互交汇的强弱作用力引起的，也有不同年份季风的强弱不同以及全球气候变化的因素存在。每一年的渔场海洋环境因子稍有差别，对其资源量的影响巨大。

Because of changing fishing grounds for Japanese common squid, this study analyzed marine environ-ment data retrieved from remote sensing information technology, production data of fishing catches in Japan Sea from November to December in 2010–2013 were analyzed to determine resource abundance, change of time and space of fishing ground centroids, and the relationships with influential environmental factors. The analyzed fish-eries were located in the central and southern sea waters in the Sea of Japan. Using a production-centered method, statistical interpolation, and mathematical statistics, a Generalized additive models （GAM） model was established based on Catch per Unit Effort （CPUE） as the dependent variable and main environmental factors as the explana-tory variables. Previous studies showed that the fishery centroids slightly differ every year, concentrated around 132°20′E and between 36°30′N and 37°30′N. The model also showed that optimal sea surface temperature of Japanese common squid fishing grounds was 16–18℃, and optimal chlorophyll a concentration was 0.37–0.45 mg/m3. Regression analysis between CPUE and marine environmental data indicated that sea surface temperature and the spatial distribution factor on the CPUE were highly significant; in addition, chlorophyll a concentration was not significant. Sea surface temperature was relatively high in 2010–2011 but lower in 2012–2013. Chlorophyll a concentrations were lower in 2010 than in other years. Current partition was more apparent from 2010–2011; in the north, the Tsushima warm current and east North Korea warm current were strong from 2010–2011. Current partition was not obvious from 2012–2013, when the Riman cold current was stronger in the south. The scope of environmental differed over 4 years, which included Tsushima warm current; when the east North Korea warm current and Riman cold current flowed across each other, favorable conditions were provided for fishery formation. Different factors affected monsoon intensity and global climate in different years. Each year, the ocean fishery environmental factors were slightly different, and the influence on fishery resources was difficult to estimate.