四川雪宝顶国家级自然保护区泗耳河电站对流域小型脊椎动物的影响

The Impact of Minor-dam Construction on Small Vertebrate Community—A Case Study from Xuebaoding National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

近年来,水电开发的生态影响在全球范围内得到了越来越多的关注和研究。在中国西南山地,已有研究表明,不断增加的水坝建设正在威胁着当地的生物多样性。为了量化评估小型水坝建设对当地小型脊椎动物群落的影响,2010年4月-6月,采用围栏陷阱法,历时60 d,总取样工作量1 140陷阱日,对雪宝顶保护区泗耳河小型电站水坝坝体施工区、上游和下游小型脊椎动物进行调查,共捕获分属3纲5目9科16种共计117只小型脊椎动物,包括两栖类8种29只、爬行类2种25只、哺乳类8种63只。以5%作为判别优势种和稀有种的指标,小鼩鼱（Sorex minutus）、铜蜓蜥（Sphenomorphus indicus）、褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）、华西蟾蜍（Bufo andrewsi）、中华蟾蜍（Bufo bufogargarizans）这5个种为群落优势种。群落中不同物种数量服从负指数分布。经单因素方差分析,水坝坝体区域与下游的捕获总数存在显著差异,与上游的捕获物种数存在显著差异。小水坝工程建设对小型脊椎动物物种多样性和多度存在显著负面影响。本研究为山区小水坝建设过程影响评估及未来水坝运行过程中的生物多样性保护策略制定提供了科学依据。

During the past decades, the ecological impact of hydropower development has been drawing an increasing attention worldwide. In the mountainous area of southwest China, numerous studies have reported that the increasing dams are threatening the local biodiversity. In order to understand the effect of dams on native small vertebrate community, pitfall trips were used to survey the community composition, abundance, and distribution pattern of small vertebrates crossing three sampling habitats：the dam construction area, upstream and downstream areas of the dam. The study was conducted from April to June, 2010 in the Sier River basin within the Xuebaoding National Nature Reserve ,Sichuan Province. 19 pitfall traps were set up and 117 animals of 18 species were captured with a survey effort of 1 140 trap-nights. They belongled to 9 families,5 orders,3 classes. The small vertebrates captured during the survey included 8 amphibian species （29 individuals,24. 8% ）,8 mammal species （63 individuals,53.8 % ） and 2 reptile species （25 individuals ,21.4 % ）. Five dominant species （85 individuals） accounted for the majority （72.6%） of captured animals： Sorex minutus , Sphenomorphus indicus , Rattus norvegicus , Bufo andrewsi and Bufo gargarizans. The structure pattern of the community fitted the negative distribution. The animal abundance of the construction area was significantly lower than that of the downstream area, and the species richness of the construction area was significantly lower than that of the upstream area. The results indicated that the construction of minor-dam had a negative impact on the local community of small vertebrates. This study provided the baseline for evaluating the ecological impact of minor-dam construction and developing future conservation strategies accordingly.