播前和不同生育阶段灌溉对冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation before Sowing and at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

以"周麦22"为试材,研究了播前和不同生育阶段灌溉对冬小麦生长发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明,返青期灌溉能显著提高冬小麦返青—拔节期间的株高增长速率,拔节期灌溉对株高的影响较返青期小。返青期灌溉对促进叶面积指数增长效果最为显著,拔节期灌溉次之,灌浆期灌溉则能有效减缓后期叶面积指数的降低速率。在播前灌溉条件下,返青水较拔节水和灌浆水更有利于冬小麦形成较多的有效穗数、穗粒数和较高的千粒质量。从提高产量和水分利用效率的角度考虑,在播前灌溉条件下,拔节水比灌浆水效果好,而返青水又比拔节水效更好。

＂Zhoumai 22＂,a dominant variety in He＇nan province,was used as experimental material to study the effects of irrigation before sowing and at different growth stages on growth and yield of winter wheat.The results showed that irrigation during reviving period could significantly improve plant height increment during reviving and jointing period;the effects of irrigation on plant height increment decreased when irrigation was applied in jointing period.Irrigation during reviving period could significantly increase leaf area index in later stages,and the effects would be reduced when irrigation appeared in jointing period.Irrigation during seed filling period could effectively lower the decrease rate of leaf area index in late stage.Irrigation during reviving period was more conducive to improve valuable ears per unit of land,grains per ear and weight per thousand seeds than irrigation during jointing period,and seed filling period under situation that irrigation was practiced before sowing.For improving yield and water use efficiency,irrigation during reviving period was obviously better than that during jointing period,and much better than that during seed filling period,under the situation that an irrigation was carried out before sowing.The results would be helpful for the development of appropriate irrigation scheduling of winter wheat.