湛江港海区沉积物和海洋生物中重金属的富集特征分析与评价

Analysis and assessment of heavy metals accumulation feature of sediments and marine organisms from Zhanjiang Harbor

本文利用原子荧光光度计、原子吸收分光光度计测定了湛江港表层沉积物和海洋生物中Hg、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd 5种重金属元素的含量,分析评价沉积物和海洋生物中重金属的含量分布及富集特征。结果表明,除Cd外,其它重金属元素在沉积物中的含量均高于其在海洋生物体中的含量;湛江港海域Cu、Zn、Cd在生物体内积累较严重;软体类和甲壳类从沉积物中富集Hg和Pb能力相当,但软体类从沉积物中富集Zn和Cd能力高于甲壳类、富集Cu能力低于甲壳类。与沉积物重金属含量的非参数相关分析表明,沉积物中重金属既能促进也能抑制生物体内的重金属富集,但在软体类和甲壳类两类生物体中表现不同。

Series of heavy metals including Hg, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in the sediments and marine organisms collected from Zhanjiang Harbor were measured with atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer or atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the concentration of each type of heavy metal in sediments were higher than that in marine or- ganisms except Cd. Accumulation of Cu, Pb and Zn in marine organisms is serious in Zhanjiang Harbor. The enrich- ment capacity of Hg and Pbfrom sediments to mollusks is similar to that of crustaceans. However, mollusks have better enrichment capacity of Zn and Cd than crustaceans,while the result is contrary on Cu. The non-parametric correlation analysis indicates that the heavy metals in sediments can either stimulate or prohibit the accumulation of heavy metals in marine organisms with different law between mollusks and crustaceans.