润滑油生物降解促进剂的化学设计与工程基础

Lubricant Biodegradation Enhancers: Chemical Design and Engineering Technology

简要总结了作者近几年在润滑油生物降解促进剂化学设计与工程基础方面的研究成果。研究表明:月桂酰基谷氨酸、油酰基甘氨酸、油酸二乙醇酰胺磷酸酯和月桂酸二乙醇酰胺硼酸酯等含氮和(或)磷的生物降解促进剂,可显著促进矿物润滑油生物降解,原因在于生物降解促进剂可加速微生物生长,并降低油-水界面张力;在环境土壤中,矿物润滑油的生物降解遵循指数降解动力学规律,生物降解促进剂有效提高了其生物降解速率。此外,设计的润滑油生物降解促进剂还具有优越的抗磨减摩性能和抗氧化性能,可望成为具有良好应用前景的新型多效润滑油添加剂。

This paper summarizes authors＇ recent efforts on the chemical design and technology of biodegradation enhancers for lubricants. Results have shown that the designed chemistry of nitrogenous and/or phosphorous compounds, such as lauroyl glutamine, oleoyl glyeine, oleic diethanolamlde phosphate and lauric diethanotamide borate, were outstanding in boosting biodegradation of petroleum-based lubricants, because they could increase the microbial population and decrease oil-water interfacial tensions in the biodegradation processes. Lubricants doped with the biodegradation enhancers exhibited much better biodegradability and higher biodegradation rates in the environmental soil, which could be well modeled by the exponential biodegradation kinetics. Furthermore, as lubricant dopants, biodegradation enhancers also performed well in reducing friction and wear and in retarding oxidation of lubricants. Therefore, lubricant biodegradation enhancers, which are multi-functional not only in the improvement of biodegradability, but also in the fortification of lubricity and in the inhibition of oxidation of lubricants, are expected to be promising as a new category of lubricant additives.